The Role Of Fiber Areas In The Tibial Footprint Of The Posterior Cruciate Ligament Changes Depending On Flexion Angle – A Biomechanical Robotic Investigation

The Role Of Fiber Areas In The Tibial Footprint Of The Posterior Cruciate Ligament Changes Depending On Flexion Angle – A Biomechanical Robotic Investigation

Adrian Deichsel, MD, GERMANY Thorben Briese, MD, GERMANY Wenke Liu, MD, GERMANY Michael J. Raschke, MD, Prof., GERMANY Alina Albert, M.Sc., GERMANY Christian Peez, MD, GERMANY Elmar Herbst, MD, PhD, GERMANY Christoph Kittl, MD, MD(res), GERMANY

Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster, NRW, GERMANY


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Anatomic Location

Anatomic Structure

Diagnosis / Condition

Treatment / Technique

Ligaments

PCL


Summary: The central fiber areas in the tibial footprint of the PCL were identified to be the main contributors, while, depending on the flexion angle, the more medial or lateral fiber areas were more active.


Background

Similar to the anterior cruciate ligament, the tibial footprint of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is composed of different fiber areas, possibly having distinct biomechanical functions.

Purpose

To determine the role of different fiber areas of the tibial footprint of the PCL in restraining posterior tibial translation.

Methods

A sequential cutting study was performed on eight fresh-frozen human knee specimens, utilizing a 6 degrees of freedom robotic test setup. The tibial attachment of the PCL was divided into 9 areas, which were sequentially cut from the bone in a randomized sequence. After determining the native knee kinematics with 89 N anterior, and posterior tibial translation force, from 0 to 90° of flexion, a displacement-controlled protocol was performed replaying the native motion, while constantly measuring the force. Utilizing the principle of superposition, the reduction of the restraining force represents the contribution of each cut fiber area. Statistical analysis was performed utilizing mixed linear models with posthoc Dunn’s correction.

Results

The PCL was found to contribute 25.3 ± 11.1 % in 0° of flexion, 49.7 ± 19.2 % in 30° of flexion, 58.9 ± 19.3 % in 60° of flexion, and 50.6 ± 15.1 % in 90° of flexion. Depending on the flexion angle, every cut quadrant of the tibial PCL footprint was shown to be a significant restrictor of posterior tibial translation (P ≤ 0.05). When investigating the fiber areas from anterior to posterior, the central fiber areas showed the highest contribution (35.0 – 44.3 %). Furthermore, when investigating the fiber areas from medial to lateral, from 0 – 30°, the lateral fiber areas were most active (41.4 – 43.6 %), while in 90° of flexion, the medial fiber areas showed the highest contribution (41.5 %).

Conclusion

All fiber areas in the tibial footprint of the PCL significantly contributed to restriction of a posterior tibial translation force. The central areas were identified to be the main contributors inside the tibial footprint, while, depending on the flexion angle, the more medial or lateral fiber areas were more active.