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Should glenoid bone grafting only be used for previously failed Bankart stabilizations? The clinical outcomes of primary versus revision surgery using arthroscopic anatomic glenoid reconstruction for anterior shoulder instability.

Should glenoid bone grafting only be used for previously failed Bankart stabilizations? The clinical outcomes of primary versus revision surgery using arthroscopic anatomic glenoid reconstruction for anterior shoulder instability.

Ryland Murphy, BSc, CANADA Sara Sparavalo, B.Sc., M.A.Sc., CANADA Jie Ma, CANADA Ivan Wong, MD, FRCSC, MACM, Dip. Sports Med, CANADA

Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, CANADA


2021 Congress   Abstract Presentation   5 minutes   Not yet rated

 

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Sports Medicine

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Summary: While patient reported scores indicated worse outcomes in the revision group, the significant clinical improvement in DASH and WOSI, along with the lack of recurrent instability provides evidence that AAGR is a better option for primary treatment of anterior shoulder instability with bone loss as compared to revisions of failed Bankart procedures.


Background

Revision surgeries after prior shoulder stabilization are known to have worse outcomes as compared to their primary counterparts. To date, no studies have looked at the utility of arthroscopic anatomic glenoid reconstruction (AAGR) as a revision surgery. Many treatment algorithms list this procedure as a salvage procedure for failed prior stabilizations, however, there has yet to be a comparative study looking at the outcomes of primary and revision AAGR. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical outcomes of primary versus revision AAGR for anterior shoulder instability with bone loss.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review on consecutive patients with prospectively collected data who underwent AAGR from 2012 to 2018. Patients who received AAGR for anterior shoulder instability with bone loss and had a minimum follow-up of two years were included. Exclusion criteria included patients with rotator cuff pathology, multidirectional instability and glenoid fractures. There were 68 patients (48 primary and 20 revision) who met inclusion/exclusion criteria. Our primary outcome was measured using the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI) and Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, Hand (DASH) scores. Secondary outcomes included post-operative complications and post-operative recurrent instability.

Results

The primary group showed a significant improvement in most-recent post-operative WOSI from 62.7 to 20.7 (P<0.001, a=0.05) and in DASH from 26.89 to 6.7 (p<0.001, a=0.05). The revision group also showed a significant improvement in WOSI from 71.5 to 34.6 (p<0.001, a=0.05) and in DASH from 39.5 to 17.0 (p<0.05, a=0.05). When comparing between groups, the revision group had worse WOSI scores (34.6) at most recent follow-up compared to the primary group (20.7); p<0.05. The most-recent DASH scores also showed the revision group (17.0) having worse outcomes than the primary group (6.7); p<0.05. Important to note that the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) was met for WOSI (MCID=10.4) but not DASH (MCID=10.83). There were no post-operative reports of instability in either group. For complications, one hardware failure (suture anchor) was seen in the primary group, and two hardware removals were seen in the revision group.

Conclusion

While patient-reported scores indicated worse outcomes in the revision group, the significant clinical improvement in DASH and WOSI, along with the lack of recurrent instability provides evidence that AAGR is a better option for primary treatment of anterior shoulder instability with bone loss as compared to revisions of failed Bankart procedures.


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