Patients undergoing elective procedures often utilize online educational materials to familiarize themselves with the surgical procedure and expected postoperative recovery. While the internet is easily accessible and ubiquitous today, the ability of patients to read, understand, and act on these materials is unknown. The purpose of the current study was to critically evaluate online resources regarding anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery utilizing measures of readability, understandability, and actionability.

Methods

Using the term “ACL surgery,” two independent searches were performed utilizing a public search engine (Google.com). Patient education materials were identified from the top 50 results. Audio-visual materials, news articles, materials intended for advertising or medical professionals, and materials unrelated to ACL surgery were excluded. Readability was quantified using Flesch Reading Ease, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), SMOG (Simple Measure of Gobbledygook) Grade, Coleman-Liau Index, and Gunning-Fog Index. The Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) was utilized to assess actionability and understandability of materials. The relationship between an online resource’s Google search rank (from first to last) and its readability, understandability, and actionability were examined.

Results

68 unique websites were identified, of which 39 met inclusion criteria. The mean FKGL was 10.08±2.34 with no website scoring =6th grade level. Mean understandability and actionability were 59.18±10.86 (range: 33.64 to 79.17) and 34.41±22.31 (range: 0 to 81.67), respectively. Only 5 (12.82%) and 1 (2.56%) resources scored above the 70% adequate PEMAT-P threshold mark for understandability and actionability, respectively. Readability (lowest p-value: p = 0.103), understandability (rho= -0.13; p=0.441), and actionability (rho= 0.28; p=0.096) scores were not associated with Google rank. Interrater reliability demonstrated moderate agreement (kappa= 0.50±0.04; p<0.001).

Conclusion

Overall, ACL surgery patient education materials scored poorly with respect to readability, understandability, and actionability. No online resource scored at the AMA and NIH recommended reading level. Only 5 scored above the proven threshold for understandability and only one for actionability. Future efforts should be made to improve the readability, understandability and actionability of online resources to optimize patient knowledge and facilitate informed decision-making.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Alongside Mesenchymal Stem Cells Implantation In A Single Stage Operation Improves Radiological And Clinical Outcomes In A Long-Term Follow-Up ePoster Presentation Michail I. Iosifidis, MD, PhD, GREECE Theofylaktos Kyriakidis, MD, MSc, PhD, GREECE Ioannes Melas, GREECE Efstathios Michalopoulos, PhD, GREECE Theophanis Chatzistamatiou, PhD, GREECE
Comparison Of One Stage Versus Two Stage Revisions For Infected Total Knees Abstract Presentation 5 minutes Aniruth Srinivasaraghavan, BS, UNITED STATES Nicole Kennard, BS, MAT, UNITED STATES Arianna Mixon, BS, UNITED STATES Daniel Mohammadi, BS, UNITED STATES Gerhard E. Maale, MD, Prof., UNITED STATES
The Anterolateral Ligament MRI Variability ePoster Presentation Viktor Kotiuk, MD, PhD, UKRAINE Oleksandr Kostrub, PhD, UKRAINE Roman Blonskyi, Prof., UKRAINE Nazar Vadzyuk, PhD, UKRAINE Dmitry Smirnov, MD, PhD, UKRAINE
How Reliable Is Dr. Google? A Systematic Review Evaluating Information Available On The Internet For Common Orthopedic Sports Medicine Terms ePoster Presentation Ilona Schwarz, MS, UNITED STATES Darby Adele Houck, BA, UNITED STATES John W. Belk, BA, UNITED STATES Jack C Hop, BA, UNITED STATES Jonathan T. Bravman, MD, UNITED STATES
Doble Quadriceps Tendon Autograft For Multiligamentary Knee Reconstruction. An Opción For Acl - Pcl Reconstruction. ePoster Presentation Emiliano Luis Alvarez Salinas , MD, ARGENTINA Leandro Civetta, MD, ARGENTINA Ezequiel Benitez, ARGENTINA Patricio Pruyas Jorge Luis Civetta, MD, ARGENTINA Juan Cupelli, MD, ARGENTINA Javier María Reparaz, MD, ARGENTINA
Characterizing Health Events That Prevent Return To Play In Elite Collegiate Swimmers ePoster Presentation Rishi Trikha, MD, UNITED STATES Danielle Greig, MD, UNITED STATES Grant Schroeder, BA, UNITED STATES Thomas J. Kremen, MD, UNITED STATES
Rates of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Re-rupture in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients with and without Patella Alta ePoster Presentation Danielle E. Rider, BA, UNITED STATES Anirudh K. Gowd, MS, UNITED STATES Lisa W. Kaplin, DO, UNITED STATES Brian R. Waterman, MD, UNITED STATES
Weight Bearing versus Conventional CT for the Measurement of Patellar Alignment and Stability in patients After surgical treatment for Patellar Recurrent Dislocation. ePoster Presentation Giada Lullini, MD, PhD, ITALY Claudio Belvedere, PhD, ITALY Antonio Moio, MD, ITALY Alberto Leardini, DPhil, ITALY Eugenio Cammisa, MD, ITALY MACCAFERRI BRUNA, MD, ITALY Stefano Zaffagnini, MD, Prof., ITALY Giulio Maria Marcheggiani Muccioli, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, ITALY
Time to return to sport after MPFL reconstruction surgery: patients with chronic instability vs patients with acute instability ePoster Presentation Robert A Magnussen, MD, MPH, UNITED STATES Gregory CJ Moellering, BS, UNITED STATES Alex C. Dibartola, MD, MPH, UNITED STATES David C. Flanigan, MD, UNITED STATES
Bone Edema On Medial Tibial Plateau Is Associated With Rotatory Instability In Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Deficient Knees ePoster Presentation Piero Agostinone, MD, ITALY Stefano Di Paolo, Eng, PhD, ITALY Alberto Grassi, PhD, ITALY Gian Andrea Lucidi, MD, ITALY Giacomo Dal Fabbro, MD, AUSTRALIA Stefano Zaffagnini, MD, Prof., ITALY
Association Between Mucoid Degeneration Of The Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Morphologic Change of The Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Plain Radiography ePoster Presentation Seong-Hwan Kim, MD,Ph.D, MStat, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF Joong Won Lee, MD, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF Hyun Gon Gwak, MD, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF Sang Hak Lee, MD, PhD, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
Medium-Term Results of One-Stage vs Two-Stage Bilateral MPFL Reconstruction for Bilateral Patellofemoral Joint Instability: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Abstract Presentation 5 minutes Anindya Debnath, MS, DNB, INDIA Shaival Dalal, M.S.MRCS(Edinburgh), UNITED KINGDOM Randy Guro, BSc, UNITED KINGDOM Rahul Kotwal, FRCS(Ortho), UNITED KINGDOM Amit Pramod Chandratreya, FRCS(Tr&Orth), MS(Orth), MCh(Orth), UNITED KINGDOM
Coronal Plane Knee Joint Line Slope Moves Contact Areas and Loads the Menisci post Osteotomy Abstract Presentation 5 minutes Dong Wang, PhD, UNITED KINGDOM Lukas Willinger, MD, GERMANY Kiron K. Athwal, PhD, MEng, UNITED KINGDOM Andy Williams, MBBS, FRCS(Orth), FFSEM(UK), UNITED KINGDOM Andrew A. Amis, FREng, DSc, PhD, UNITED KINGDOM
Meniscal Extrusion Was Associated To Early Oa On Mri After Surgery For Disco Id Lateral Meniscus ePoster Presentation Kazuya Nishino, MD, JAPAN Yusuke Hashimoto, MD, PhD, JAPAN Takuya Kinoshita, MD, PhD, JAPAN Hiroaki Nakamura, MD, PhD, JAPAN
Bacterial Contamination Of Irrigation Fluid And Suture Material During ACL Reconstruction And Meniscus Surgery Abstract Presentation 5 minutes Benjamin Bartek, MD, GERMANY Tobias Winkler, Prof., MD, GERMANY Anja Garbe, MD, GERMANY Carsten Perka, MD, PhD, GERMANY Tobias M. Jung, MD, GERMANY
MRI Evaluation of the Peripheral Stabilizing Attachments of the Lateral Meniscal Body: The Menisco-Tibio-Popliteus-Fibular Complex. Assessment in Routine 1.5-T Scans. ePoster Presentation Rodolfo Morales-Avalos, MD, PhD., MEXICO Àngel Masferrer-Pino, MD PhD, SPAIN Simone Perelli, MD,PhD, SPAIN Eustorgio Ruiz-Chapa, MD, MEXICO Jose Ramon Padilla-Medina, MD, MSc., MEXICO Joan Carles Monllau, MD, PhD, Prof., SPAIN
Autologous Matrix-Induced Chondrogenesis (Amic) For Isolated Retropatellar Cartilage Lesions: Outcome After A Follow-Up Of Minimum Two Years ePoster Presentation Manuel Waltenspül, MD, SWITZERLAND Cyrill Suter, MD, SWITZERLAND Jakob Ackermann, MD, SWITZERLAND Nathalie Kühne, SN, SWITZERLAND Sandro Fucentese, Prof MD, SWITZERLAND
Comparing Methods of Stress Radiography for Posterior Knee Instability. Abstract Presentation 6 minutes Robin Martin, MD, SWITZERLAND Trieu Hoai Nam Ngo, ., SWITZERLAND
Clinical Outcomes Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Patients with a Concomitant Segond Fracture: A Systematic Review ePoster Presentation Kanto Nagai, MD, PhD, JAPAN Kohei Kamada, MD, PhD, UNITED STATES Jeffrey Kay, MD, CANADA Yuichi Hoshino, MD, PhD, JAPAN Takehiko Matsushita, MD, PhD, JAPAN Ryosuke Kuroda, MD, PhD, JAPAN Darren L. de SA, MD MBA FRCSC, CANADA
Comparison of Pain Score and Analgesic Usage Between Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone, Hamstring and Quadriceps Tendon Autographs for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ePoster Presentation Jasmine Lyng, MD, CANADA Sheila McRae, PhD, MSc, CANADA Jarret M. Woodmass, MD, FRCSC, CANADA Gregory Adam Stranges, MD, CANADA Devin Lemmex, MD FRCSC, CANADA Robert Longstaffe, MD FRCSC, CANADA Peter B. MacDonald, MD, FRCS, Dip Sport Med, CANADA
Early Postoperative Results of the First Latin-American Experience with Robotic-Arm-Assisted TKA versus Conventional Technique Abstract Presentation 5 minutes David H. Figueroa, MD, CHILE Rodrigo Guiloff, MD, Prof, CHILE Tomas Prado, MD, CHILE Juan Jose Sotomayor, MD, CHILE Alberto Alarcon, MD, CHILE Alex Vaisman, MD, Prof., CHILE Rafael Calvo, MD, CHILE
Serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein is correlated with cartilage degenerative change on magnetic resonance imaging in patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury ePoster Presentation Yohei Nishida, MD, JAPAN Yusuke Hashimoto, MD, PhD, JAPAN Kumi Orita, PhD, JAPAN Kazuya Nishino, MD, JAPAN Takuya Kinoshita, MD, PhD, JAPAN Ken Iida, MD, JAPAN Hiroaki Nakamura, MD, PhD, JAPAN
ACL Graft Preparation with Vancomycin Has No Effect on Patient Reported Outcomes and Graft Rupture Rates Following Primary ACL Reconstruction ePoster Presentation Alan Shamrock, MD, UNITED STATES Molly A Day, MD, UNITED STATES Trevor Gulbrandsen, MD, UNITED STATES Kyle R. Duchman, MD, UNITED STATES Robert W. Westermann, MD, UNITED STATES Matthew J. Bollier, MD, UNITED STATES Brian Wolf, MD, UNITED STATES
Intravenous administration of two dose tranexamic acid ( TXA) and local anesthesia (LA) at graft site , improves outcome in single bundle Anatomical Anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction in uniformed military personnel. ePoster Presentation Mujeeb Ashraf, FRCS, MCh,FEBTS, SAUDI ARABIA Abaad saad Al-Thagafi, MBBS, SAUDI ARABIA Hatim Mohammed Alshareef, MD, SAUDI ARABIA Hatem Al-Harbi, FRCSC, SAUDI ARABIA
Correlation Of Tibial And Femoral Tunnel Size With Pet Mri After Acl Reconstruction. ePoster Presentation David C. Flanigan, MD, UNITED STATES Elizabeth Barmash, BS, UNITED STATES Robert A Magnussen, MD, MPH, UNITED STATES Christopher C. Kaeding, MD, UNITED STATES Katherine Binzel, PhD, UNITED STATES Alex C. Dibartola, MD, MPH, UNITED STATES Michael V Knopp, MD, PhD, UNITED STATES
Neutrophil To Lymphocyte Ratio As Predictor Of Periprosthetic Joint Infection In Patients With Secondary Surgery After Total Knee Arthroplasty Abstract Presentation 6 minutes Mary Rose Casas Gonzales, MD, PHILIPPINES Antonio Nicolas Tanchuling Jr., MD, PHILIPPINES Henry Calleja, MD, PHILIPPINES
Degenerative Medial Meniscus Tear With a Displaced Flap Into the Meniscotibial Recess and Tibial Peripheral Reactive Bone Edema Presents Good Results With Arthroscopic Surgical Treatment Abstract Presentation 4 minutes Camilo P. Helito, MD, PhD, Prof, BRAZIL Paulo Helito, MD, BRAZIL Marcel F. Sobrado, MD, PHD, BRAZIL Pedro N. Giglio, MD, BRAZIL Tales Mollica Guimarães, MD, BRAZIL José R. Pécora, Prof., BRAZIL Riccardo Gomes Gobbi, MD, PhD, BRAZIL Marcelo Bordalo-Rodrigues, MD, BRAZIL bruno vande berg, MD, BELGIUM
PRP in ACL Reconstruction Does Not Improve Clinical and Functional Outcomes: Results from a Prospective Randomized Clinical Study at 12 Years Follow-Up ePoster Presentation David H. Figueroa, MD, CHILE Rodrigo Guiloff, MD, Prof, CHILE Rafael Calvo, MD, CHILE Luis A. O'Connell, MD, CHILE Francisco Figueroa, MD, CHILE Alex Vaisman, MD, Prof., CHILE
Injury Prevention Programs For Throwing Injuries In Softball Players ePoster Presentation Jonathan Paul, BS, UNITED STATES Symone M Brown, MPH, UNITED STATES Mary K. Mulcahey, MD, UNITED STATES
Medial Ligamentous And Meniscal Injury Patterns In Patients With Acute ‘Isolated’ Acl Rupture ePoster Presentation Lukas Willinger, MD, GERMANY Ganesh Balendra, MBBS, AUSTRALIA Vishal Pai, MBChB, FRACS, FAOrthA, AUSTRALIA Justin Lee, MB BS, FRCR, UNITED KINGDOM Adam Mitchell, MB BS, FRCS, FRCR, UNITED KINGDOM Mary Jones, MSc, Grad. Dip. Phys., UNITED KINGDOM Andy Williams, MBBS, FRCS(Orth), FFSEM(UK), UNITED KINGDOM
Intra-Articular Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes And Hyaluronic Acid Combination Therapy Promotes Safe And Functional Osteochondral Repair In A Porcine Model Abstract Presentation 6 minutes Keng Lin Francis Wong, MMed(Orth), MCI (NUS), FRCSEd (Orth), FAMS, PhD, SINGAPORE Shipin Zhang, PhD, SINGAPORE Xiafei Ren, PhD, SINGAPORE Ruenn Chai Lai, PhD, SINGAPORE Sai Kiang Lim, PhD, SINGAPORE James Hui, MBBS, FRCS, FAMS, M.D. (Orthopaedic Surgery), SINGAPORE Wei Seong Toh, PhD, SINGAPORE
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Combining Sensor and Robotic Technologies to Balance Total Knee Arthroplasties Abstract Presentation 5 minutes Julien Bardou-Jacquet, MD, FRANCE Jérôme Murgier, MD, FRANCE François Laudet, MD, FRANCE
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Biomechanical Comparison of The Fixation Configurations of Soft-Tissue Quadriceps Tendon Graft Using A Suspensory Button ePoster Presentation Kohei Kamada, MD, PhD, UNITED STATES Kanto Nagai, MD, PhD, JAPAN Kouki Nagamune, PhD, JAPAN Yuichi Hoshino, MD, PhD, JAPAN Yuta Nakanishi, MD, PhD, JAPAN Daisuke Araki, MD, PhD, JAPAN Noriyuki Kanzaki, MD, PhD, JAPAN Takehiko Matsushita, MD, PhD, JAPAN Ryosuke Kuroda, MD, PhD, JAPAN
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The Impact of Body Mass Index on the Accuracy of the Physical Examination of the Knee Abstract Presentation 5 minutes Ron Gilat, MD, ISRAEL Ilan Y Mitchnik, MD, ISRAEL Assaf Moriah, MD, ISRAEL Almog Levi, MD, ISRAEL Ornit cohen, BEng, Msc, ISRAEL Dror Lindner, MD, ISRAEL Yiftah Beer, MD, ISRAEL Gabriel Agar, Prof, ISRAEL
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A New Method for Diagnosis of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear: MRI with Maximum Flexion of Knee in the Prone Position: A Case Control Study ePoster Presentation Burak Gunaydin, MD, TURKEY Çağatay Tekin, MD, TURKEY
The Top 100 Most Impactful Articles On The Rotator Cuff: An Altmetric Analysis Of Online Media ePoster Presentation Brett Haislup, MD, UNITED STATES Matthew Civilette, MD, UNITED STATES William Rate, MS, MD, UNITED STATES Andrew Cohen, , UNITED STATES Blake M. Bodendorfer, MD, UNITED STATES Heath Patrick Gould, MD, UNITED STATES
Modified Lemaire Antero-Lateral Extra Articular Tenodesis Alters the MRI Maturity Signal of ACL Hamstring Graft ePoster Presentation Maximiliano Ibañez, MD, SPAIN Gonzalo Rojas Castillo, MD, CHILE Simone Perelli, MD,PhD, SPAIN Pablo E. Gelber, MD, PhD, SPAIN Juan Ignacio Erquicia, MD, PhD, SPAIN Àngel Masferrer-Pino, MD PhD, SPAIN Daniel Pérez-Prieto, MD, SPAIN Raúl Torres-Claramunt, PhD, SPAIN Joan Carles Monllau, MD, PhD, Prof., SPAIN
Surgical management of severe post-traumatic arthrofibrosis of the knee: clinical results in workers´compensation population ePoster Presentation Jose Ignacio Laso, Md, CHILE Nicolas Franulic, MD, CHILE Cristobal Del Pino, MD, CHILE Cristián Andres Brito Ayet, MD, CHILE Carlos Rojas, MD, CHILE Nicolas Gaggero, MD, CHILE
Comparative Analysis Of Results Of Arthroscopic Acl Reconstruction Between Free Hamstring Graft And Preserved Insertion Hamstring Graft. A Short Term Follow-Up Study ePoster Presentation Rajiv Gupta, PhD , INDIA
Percutaneous Arthroscopic Assisted Knee Medial Collateral Ligament Repair: A Novel Technique And Results ePoster Presentation George Jacob, MBBS, MS Ortho, FAOrthA, INDIA Sukesh A,.N, MBBS,DIPLOMA IN ORTHOPAEDICS, DNB, INDIA Appu Benny Thomas, M.S (Orth), INDIA Julio Chacko Kandathil, MBBS MD Radiology, INDIA Jacob Varughese, MD, INDIA
Epidemiology Of Injuries In The Women’S National Basketball Association (Wnba) During The 2017 Season ePoster Presentation Elikem K Dorbu, BA, UNITED STATES Symone M Brown, MPH, UNITED STATES Mary K. Mulcahey, MD, UNITED STATES
Good Subjective Outcome And Low Risk Of Revision Surgery With A Novel Customized Metal Implant For Focal Femoral Chondral Lesions At A Minimum Of Five Years Follow-Up Abstract Presentation 5 minutes Anders Stalman, MD, PhD, Professor, SWEDEN Mohanad Al-Bayati, MD, SWEDEN David Roberts, MD, PhD, SWEDEN Magnus Hogstrom, MD, PhD, SWEDEN
Hypermobile Lateral Meniscus And Articular Lock Due To Meniscal Disinsertion ePoster Presentation Horacio F. Rivarola-Etcheto, MD, ARGENTINA Cristian Collazo Blanchod, MD, ARGENTINA Marcos Meninato, MD, ARGENTINA Facundo Cosini, MD, ARGENTINA Juan Martín Carraro, MD, ARGENTINA Carlos Mendoza Puello, MD, ARGENTINA
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Opening Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy for Medial Compartment Knee Osteoarthritis: Planning for Improving Outcomes without lateral compartment overloading ePoster Presentation S. Ali Ghasemi, MD, UNITED STATES Joshua Rory Buksbaum, BS, UNITED STATES Jonggu Shin, MD, UNITED STATES Austin T. Fragomen, MD, UNITED STATES S Rozbruch, UNITED STATES Adam Daniel Geffner, BA, UNITED STATES
Patient-Reported Outcome And Surgical Conversion Rate After Treatment With A Physiotherapy-Led Progressive Exercise Program Plus A Support Brace In Patients With An Acute Injury Of The Posterior Cruciate Ligament Abstract Presentation 6 minutes Randi Rasmussen, BPT, DENMARK Julie Jacobsen, Phd, DENMARK Birgitte Blaabjerg, BsC, DENMARK Torsten Grønbech Nielsen, PhD., DENMARK Lene L. Miller, Masters Degree, DENMARK Martin Lind, MD, PhD, Prof., DENMARK
Functional Outcome Of A Combined Anterior Cruciate Ligament And Anterolateral Ligament Reconstruction. ePoster Presentation Gabriela Zermeno Garcia, MD, MEXICO Carlos Oliva, MD, MEXICO
The Partial Femoral Condyle Focal Resurfacing (Hemicap-Unicap) For Treatment Of Full-Thickness Cartilage Defects, Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis ePoster Presentation Hany Elbardesy, MSc, MD, FRCS(Orth), FEBOT, SICOT Diploma, UNITED KINGDOM James Harty, Prof, IRELAND Lydia Simmon, MRCS, IRELAND Matthew Nagle, FRCS, IRELAND
An Anterior Cruciate Ligament In-Vitro Rupture Model Based On Clinical Imaging ePoster Presentation Lukas Willinger, MD, GERMANY Kiron K. Athwal, PhD, MEng, UNITED KINGDOM Andy Williams, MBBS, FRCS(Orth), FFSEM(UK), UNITED KINGDOM Andrew A. Amis, FREng, DSc, PhD, UNITED KINGDOM
The Prevalence of Hip Labral Tears and Femoroacetabular Impingement in Karate Athletes, from Experienced to Elite: A Statewide Survey Study ePoster Presentation Allison Mack, PA-C, MPH, MS, UNITED STATES Cynthia Kyin, BA, UNITED STATES Hari Krishna Ankem, MD, UNITED STATES Patrick Knott, PhD, PA-C, UNITED STATES Ajay C. Lall, MD, MS, FAAOS, UNITED STATES Benjamin G. Domb, MD, UNITED STATES
Utility Of Dynamic Ultrasound In The Assessment Of Patellar Instability ePoster Presentation Rohan Bhimani, MD, MBA, UNITED STATES Soheil Ashkani-Esfahani, MD, UNITED STATES Karina Mirochnik, BS, UNITED STATES Bart B Lubberts, MD, PhD, UNITED STATES Christopher W DiGiovanni, MD, UNITED STATES Miho J. Tanaka, MD, PhD, UNITED STATES
A comparison of the transtibial pullout technique and all-inside meniscal repair in medial meniscus posterior root tear: Prognostic factors and midterm clinical outcomes ePoster Presentation Lika Dzidzishvili, MD, PhD, SPAIN Irene Isabel López-Torres, MD, PhD, SPAIN Jm Arguello, MD, PhD, SPAIN David Sáez, MD, SPAIN Amaya Barberia, MD, SPAIN Emilio Calvo, MD, PhD, MBA, SPAIN
Changes in Joint Space Width Over Time And Risk Factors for Deterioration Of Joint Space Width after Medial Opening-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy

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ACL Surgery: Can Patients Read, Understand, and Act on Online Resources? A Cross-Sectional Study of Online Patient Education Materials

ACL Surgery: Can Patients Read, Understand, and Act on Online Resources? A Cross-Sectional Study of Online Patient Education Materials

Introduction

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Conclusion

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ACL Surgery: Can Patients Read, Understand, and Act on Online Resources? A Cross-Sectional Study of Online Patient Education Materials

ACL Surgery: Can Patients Read, Understand, and Act on Online Resources? A Cross-Sectional Study of Online Patient Education Materials

Introduction

Methods

Results

Conclusion